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Invicti athletae
''Invicti athletae'' (May 16, 1957) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII to the bishops of the world on the 300th anniversary of the martyrdom of Saint Andrew Bobola.
Some parts of the encyclical are addessed particularly to the Catholics of Poland
== Background ==
Andrzej or Andrew Bobola was born in 1591 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1611 he became a member of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and in 1622 was ordained a priest. He served as an effective preacher and missionary in the Lithuanian part of the Commonwealth, until rebellious Cossacks tortured and killed him, along with other Catholics and Jews in May 1657. Religious veneration of him began 45 years later, when his body was found to be incorrupt. In 1853, Pope Pius IX authorized his beatification and, in 1938, Pope Pius XI canonized him.〔(Phyllis G. Jestice (editor), ''Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia'', vol. 1 (ABC-CLIO 2004 ISBN 978-1-57607355-1), pp. 130–131 )〕〔(David Farmer, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' (Oxford University Press 2011 ISBN 978-0-19959660-7), p. 54 )〕〔(Stanley S. Sokol, ''The Polish Biographical Dictionary'' (Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers 1992 ISBN 978-0-86516245-7), p. 345 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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